Sodium is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in nerve transmission, cell membrane transport, acid-base balance, fluid balance, and osmotic pressure. Its levels are regulated by a complex system involving hormones, enzymes, and kidney function.
Low sodium levels can result from fluid overload, insufficient intake, excess losses, and certain medications, while high sodium levels can be associated with dehydration, excess intake, increased aldosterone, and certain medications.
Both low and high sodium levels are linked to various health issues, including hypertension and hyponatremia. Maintaining appropriate sodium levels is essential for overall health and well-being.
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