Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the primary immunoglobulin that protects epithelial surfaces and is secreted in the GI tract, tears, saliva, and colostrum. It can be measured in the blood and is involved in activating the alternative pathway of the complement system.
Low IgA levels may be seen in celiac disease and other autoimmune disorders, while high IgA levels may be associated with chronic infection, liver disease, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction. Selective IgA deficiency, the most common immunodeficiency disorder, is characterized by recurrent infections and an increased risk of autoimmune diseases and atopy.
Elevated levels of IgA may parallel increases in inflammatory IL-6, and serum IgA levels can increase as alcohol intake increases. Autoimmune disease is significantly higher in individuals with low IgA than those with normal IgA.
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