The complement portion of the immune system not only supports the immune response but helps clean up after it and even assists in tissue repair. However, both persistent and insufficient response can lead to pathology and disease.
Complement compound C4 is not as abundant as C3 but is still an important part of a balanced immune system. C4 is pivotal to recognizing and eliminating pathogenic microorganisms and insufficiency is associated with infections and autoimmune disorders such as lupus. Low levels also increase susceptibility to ischemic cardiovascular events.
Elevated C4 has been associated with immune activation, gut dysbiosis, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes.
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