Standard reference ranges for various biomarkers may vary when categorized by chronological age. For example, certain blood markers like total bilirubin tend to increase from childhood into adulthood, while others like phosphate and alkaline phosphatase decrease. In adults, levels of creatinine, cholesterol, and glucose often rise with age, potentially reflecting changes like increased body fat and insulin resistance.
Electrolytes generally stay stable throughout life due to strong biological controls, but slight increases may occur in older age due to reduced kidney function.
The concept of biological age, which may differ from chronological age, is increasingly recognized as important. Biological age is influenced by lifestyle, diet, and epigenetics, and can be evaluated using various blood biomarkers.
Assessing biological age involves looking at factors like frailty, which encompasses weight loss, low physical activity, and other health deficits. The Clinical Frailty Scale can help predict disease risks and mortality and can be influenced by interventions in nutrition and lifestyle.
A comprehensive set of biomarkers can be useful in assessing healthy aging and biological age. This includes markers related to metabolism, cholesterol, inflammation, and oxidative stress, among others. These biomarkers can help identify accelerated aging or advanced biological age, and trends toward dysfunction in various body systems.
Understanding these markers can guide strategies for maintaining health and vitality in aging populations.
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