Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential nutrient primarily found in animal-based foods and plays a crucial role in metabolic functions such as red blood cell production, protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, and energy generation.
Absorption of B12 is complex, relying on stomach acid and intrinsic factor, and issues like reduced stomach acid or gastrointestinal surgery can result in a deficiency. Microwaving food can compromise B12 bioavailability.
B12 insufficiency can lead to anemia, fatigue, neurological issues, mood disorders, and homocysteine accumulation. In contrast, elevated B12 levels may be linked to liver or kidney disease, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. Measuring multiple biomarkers is necessary for accurate assessment of B12 status, and supplementation with active forms of B12 can help correct deficiencies. B12 insufficiency must be identified early to prevent adverse health effects. Vegans and individuals with restricted animal product consumption should be mindful of potential B12 deficiency.
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