Immunoglobulins are important proteins called antibodies. B lymphocytes produce them as part of our adaptive immunity. Immunoglobulins may be recruited in response to pathogens, antigens, chemicals, and other substances. These vital proteins tag offensive microbes and compounds for elimination and neutralize viruses and toxins.
Immunoglobulins also activate the complement system which mounts an aggressive inflammatory response that helps eliminate invaders in a joint effort between adaptive and innate immunity.
Immunoglobulins increase during infections, connective tissue disease, liver disease, and monoclonal gammopathies such as multiple myeloma. Certain medications can also increase levels, including gamma globulin, phenytoin, and hydralazine.
Low levels increase susceptibility to infection, allergy, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. Decreased levels are seen in these disorders and nephrotic syndrome and may be caused by environmental factors and nutritional insufficiencies.
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