Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant immunoglobulin in circulation, consisting of four subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4), and plays a crucial role in protecting against pathogens. Low IgG levels can compromise immune protection and can be associated with various conditions such as leukemia, AIDS, and immune deficiencies.
High IgG levels can occur with chronic liver disease, autoimmune disease, and granulomatous infection. IgG4 antibodies, in particular, block IgE-mediated reactions to food, increasing tolerance to specific foods, but their presence may also indicate increased gastrointestinal inflammation and permeability.
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