After menopause, circulating estradiol levels drop significantly, impacting various physiological systems including cardiovascular health, bone density, and cognitive function.
Low levels are also linked to symptoms like hot flashes and increased risks of atherosclerosis and osteoporosis.
On the other hand, elevated estradiol levels in postmenopausal women are associated with a heightened risk of various cancers such as breast, endometrial, and ovarian, as well as cardiovascular events.
Hormone replacement therapy can modulate estradiol levels, but it comes with its own set of risks, including the potential for increased cancer risk and adverse cardiovascular events, according to FDA warnings.
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